Dr. Avella’s lab investigates the mechanisms regulating gamete interactions, fertilization, and early embryonic development. A series of carefully orchestrated molecular events ensures monospermic fertilization, essential for successful embryonic development and a healthy pregnancy outcome. First, a species-specific gamete recognition at the zona pellucida, the extracellular matrix surrounding mammalian oocytes, mediates sperm binding and penetration through the zona. After penetration, the sperm reach the perivitelline space, which is enclosed between the zona's inner aspect and the egg plasma membrane. Here, a second taxon-specific gamete recognition process occurs before gamete fusion. After fertilization, molecular changes in the zona pellucida and the oolemma establish effective blocks to polyspermy.
In collaboration with the Division of Genetics and the IVF program, we use next-generation sequencing to identify novel genes or variants in infertile patients from the Qatari population. In our lab, we use different model systems (e.g., zebrafish, mouse, and cell lines) to functionally characterize such variants or genes. In addition, we translate our discoveries to establish novel assays for assisted reproductive technologies.
A precise characterization of the mechanisms regulating reproduction is instrumental in providing targeted fertility treatments to people requiring assisted reproductive technologies in Qatar.
